http://www.bigthink.com/adobe/Logo_250X250.jpg http://www.bigthink.com/adobe/Background_1024X576.jpg http://www.bigthink.com/adobe/Banner_686X60.jpg http://www.bigthink.com/adobe/Half-Banner_234X60.jpg http://www.bigthink.com/adobe/Logo_250X250 http://www.bigthink.com/adobe/Logo-Watermark_250X250.jpg http://www.bigthink.com/adobe/Background_1024X576.jpg http://www.bigthink.com/adobe/Half-Banner-ALT_234X60.jpg Bigthink - Category Features and Ideas Feed Bigthink http://www.bigthink.com/feed/rss/category/51 Fri, 16 May 2008 09:11:16 +0100 FeedCreator 1.7.2 The Fabric of Spacetime http://www.bigthink.com/science-technology/space-time/10492 Have you ever wondered what the fabric of spacetime is made of? I have. It seems most elusive to scientists. Honestly, from what I can tell, no one has really tried to answer the question (or ask it). So here I am, a science buff and professional layperson, calling scientists out. This is an important question!

Ask a string theorist how matter behaves on its most fundamental level, and they will have an answer for you. Ask a cosmologist how a black hole forms, and they will have an answer. But the fact is that both treat their phenomena as occuring ON TOP OF the fabric of spacetime (FOST). As if matter were some sort of extra layer that in no way depends on the FOST for it's existence. This simply cannot be true. Let us perform a paradigm shift. Ready?

I believe that the fabric of spacetime is made up of the Bose-Einstein condensate. That is, the FOST is made up of the same baryonic matter as you and I.

Let's examine this idea. What is the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC)? I would like to recommend this as the dossier to the BEC.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ls4efnPKegY

Let us now tie everything together. The temperature in interstellar space is certainly cold enough to be a BEC, but isn't it that cold because matter is extremely diffuse there? No. Remember the BEC has properties akin to a wave, not a particle. There is ALOT of matter in interstellar space. However, it is the case that the wave functions have not decohered because there is no one there to perform a quantum measurement on it. If only we could hang out in the interstellar medium with scanning electron microscopes! Then we would see how densely packed with matter it really is! Perhaps, I will leave it at that and let your imagination take over.

It has not escaped my notice that this resolves the mutual exclusivity of quantum mechanics and general relativity, and is thus a "theory of everything". This conclusion may also lend itself to the problem of dark matter and dark energy, which are certainly illusory concepts that would do well to leave our collective consciousness. Cheers!

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Bigthink Tue, 13 May 2008 22:41:55 +0100 http://www.bigthink.com/science-technology/space-time/10492
Fibonacci Photo Slideshow http://www.bigthink.com/science-technology/space-time/10433 This is a slideshow displaying Fibonacci, his life, and his most important works.

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Bigthink Tue, 13 May 2008 12:58:45 +0100 http://www.bigthink.com/science-technology/space-time/10433
Fibonacci TV Ad http://www.bigthink.com/science-technology/space-time/10431 Bigthink Tue, 13 May 2008 12:44:32 +0100 http://www.bigthink.com/science-technology/space-time/10431 Re: Time and Space Travel http://www.bigthink.com/science-technology/space-time/10303 The answer is:

Time and Space Travel exists.

Time Travel exists because we travel through time every moment of our lives, and we travel through space every time we move around.

Therefore, if on a small scale it is possible, we can assume that it is possible on a large scale. However, by the time we get to a stage where time travel is possible we will only go forward, never backward, purely because we are still discovering things, if backwards time travel was possible we would already know about it.

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Bigthink Mon, 05 May 2008 02:20:56 +0100 http://www.bigthink.com/science-technology/space-time/10303
How can the rate at which the universe is expanding accelerate? http://www.bigthink.com/science-technology/space-time/10247  

If the universe or the latest incarnation of the universe we inhabit started with a Big Bang, I can understand why matter is hurling away from the point of singularity and the universe is said to be expanding.  

If that motion result from the Big Bang, intuitively, I would expect that the energy of that explosion would dissipate over time and that the rate that the universe expands would decline. 

If I am wrong, and the absence of impediments and friction in the vacuum of space negate the dissipation of energy, then I would expect the universe to expand at a constant rate. 

Observations from the Hubble Telescope tell us that the rate at which the universe is expanding is accelerating.

How can this be? For this to happen, a new release of energy is required. Where does it come from? 

Any thoughts out there? 

Richard Oakes 

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Bigthink Thu, 01 May 2008 01:39:30 +0100 http://www.bigthink.com/science-technology/space-time/10247
Dark Matter? http://www.bigthink.com/science-technology/space-time/10234 I'll admit my knowladge on the subject  is intensly limited but isnt the theory of dark matter a little bit of a long shot?  While newtons laws have served faithfully for years and years and over and over whose to say stars and galaxies simply jsut dont act different because of the chemical components or the way gravity acts on them all in space? Scientisits observations could very well be wrong also.

 If the sun are made up of different chemicals they would have different masses for the same size.  Wouldnt this affect the way gravity is acting on them and thus the way they orbit each other?  Once again I'm very aware physics is not my strongest science so someone correct me if I'm wrong.

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Bigthink Wed, 30 Apr 2008 04:35:17 +0100 http://www.bigthink.com/science-technology/space-time/10234
list of things that matter: http://www.bigthink.com/science-technology/space-time/10061

Not that many things matter "in the big scheme of things" and, for your enjoyment/education, I will now type a list on digitalgoodness.info:

cleaning up the environment
global "government"
ending poverty
curing all disease
genomic medicine
space travel and exploration
measuring life in other areas of the universe

These things are 100% attainable. Strange.

oh, and figuring out the mystery that is time...


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Bigthink Wed, 23 Apr 2008 03:28:30 +0100 http://www.bigthink.com/science-technology/space-time/10061
Ingredients for life http://www.bigthink.com/science-technology/space-time/10052
Even though this whole can never be a sum of its parts, the most pressing and fundamental problem humanity currently faces is exploring our part of the universe, and confirming the presence of life outside of earth (and the space transportation necessary to make these measurements).

The ingredients for life are beautifully simple, consisting of water (maybe not even in a liquid form), an energy source, and simple chemical building blocks such as C, O, H and N.

With all the current research and observation being poured into Saturn and its moons, researchers have recently confirmed moons Enceladus and Hyperion as having the ingredients for life.

Clearly, life colonizes from planet to planet? I guess what they've been teaching in Russian schools has been honest this whole time...]]>
Bigthink Wed, 23 Apr 2008 02:55:43 +0100 http://www.bigthink.com/science-technology/space-time/10052
I call this theory the Greening of Mars. http://www.bigthink.com/science-technology/space-time/10051
I need to take the "hardiness genes" from the bacteria that is most genetically similar to the green alga or cyanobacterium. This gene has to come from the bottom of the ocean. So, take that gene (it probably has something to do with metabolizing nitrogen, but that's another story) and incorporate it into the lichen's genome to make it super hardy, so hardy it can live on the surface of Mars with minimal "fuss" and if I play my cards right, the lichen will hence produce large concentrations of oxygen over time. I have to travel to the bottom of the ocean to "green" Mars.

In the end, the change in the concentrations of gases in the atmosphere would never make the air breathable? In my current opinion, it would just make it possible for material science to make a space suit that would be lighter, more comfortable, etc?

I like to pretend like I could do it all myself. OH WAIT, I could. I only need other people's money, other people just get in the way.

3/25/08
the greening of Mars continued

Today I was thinking about the potential problems a genetically engineered lichen could pose to humans, from a human health standpoint.

Long story in cleaning out lots of moldy shit from the fridge. I'd have to go ahead and assume that since the organism would be such extremophile to cold temps (low O2 concentrations) perhaps in this case a 98.6 deg temp would be an even larger asset, allowing for complete resistance to infection and/or colonization; until eventual mutations which occur @ frequency/time.

Mycology would be such a fun field of research...

3/26/08
greening of Mars continued


SO, I guess it wouldn't matter if mutations occurred at frequency/time if there were enough geneticists sampling current populations of the organism frequently enough to catch any potential mutations that could enable the extremophile to colonize tissues...]]>
Bigthink Wed, 23 Apr 2008 02:52:11 +0100 http://www.bigthink.com/science-technology/space-time/10051
The question of infinity. http://www.bigthink.com/science-technology/space-time/9848 ]]> Bigthink Tue, 15 Apr 2008 15:46:32 +0100 http://www.bigthink.com/science-technology/space-time/9848 Re: Will the Government allow us to know if their is life outside of our planet? http://www.bigthink.com/science-technology/space-time/9776 Bigthink Sun, 13 Apr 2008 19:09:12 +0100 http://www.bigthink.com/science-technology/space-time/9776 GRB Shielding Through Artificial Means http://www.bigthink.com/science-technology/space-time/9745 I recently watched a show about the deaths of stars and the aftermath of such an event.  One of the things that could happen is that the star could go through a massive supernova, and sometimes even release intense gamma rays from its poles.  Those are the things called Gamma Ray Bursts, or GRB's.  These are very deadly rays of intense gamma radiation that travel many light years from the stars, and can pulverize Earth's atmosphere in seconds, as well as deplete the ozone layer.  The show also mentioned that currently, we have no way of defending ourselves should this scenario occur.  This is when the idea of shielding ourselves from GRB's occurred to me.

Of course the GRB moves at the speed of light, so if we are to defend ourselves from it, we must prepare in advance, and focus only on stars that have a higher probability of sending us such a nasty surprise.  That would mean to limit it to stars that are close enough to be able to inflict any damage, and whose poles are facing us.  Other than that the probability will be too low ( not like it isn't low already ) to consider spending millions, even billions on missions.  The idea itself is very simple - you block the incoming GRB with an asteroid, and since the ray spreads over a distance, it is simply a matter of calculating the size it needs to be, and distance it must be from Earth in order to make a large enough hole for us to get through.  Think of it sort of like an umbrella - when the rain falls down, the umbrella doesn't let anything get through, so whatever's underneath is safe.  The really hard part about the realization of this defense is that the asteroid must be put into an orbit that always puts it between the Earth and the star in question.  This can be done by sending a satellite to land on the asteroid, in which case solar - powered propellers will guide the asteroid into orbit and make adjustments as necessary either by themselves or by a command center back home.  There isn't much need for power in space so solar power will probably do the trick here.  One negative component to this idea is that we won't be able to accurately observe the star, since it is blocked by the asteroid, but an additional benefit would be to use this mission as a guinea pig for manipulation of objects in space.

Constructive criticism and comments will be appreciated. 

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Bigthink Sat, 12 Apr 2008 02:00:33 +0100 http://www.bigthink.com/science-technology/space-time/9745
Space Meat http://www.bigthink.com/science-technology/space-time/9742 Bigthink Fri, 11 Apr 2008 22:47:49 +0100 http://www.bigthink.com/science-technology/space-time/9742 Freud believed in mental telepathy. Can you? http://www.bigthink.com/science-technology/space-time/9721 Freud believed in mental telepathy.  Can you?

Of course, I might properly have said "Freud accepted ..." rather than "Freud believed in ..."  And I might have made the point that Freud was driven reluctantly to that conclusion by actual experience during the treatment of patients.

But I'm not mainly asking about your judgment of an argument or a piece of evidence.  Instead, I'm asking if you are equipped to consider an argument or some evidence.  I'm asking about your larger paradigm and the firmness of your commitment to it.

Are you definitely committed to a worldview in which thought is less real than physical activity?  Or can you genuinely consider evidence that thought is a universal fundamental aspect of reality, perhaps that thought and physical existence are the same thing?

After all, if you genuinely considered this stuff and weighed it on the merits, you would be joining Einstein.

And would it perhaps at least give us some traction on explaining the mathematical nature of reality?

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Bigthink Fri, 11 Apr 2008 11:15:33 +0100 http://www.bigthink.com/science-technology/space-time/9721
Re: If the grand unified theory exists, what if it is untestable? http://www.bigthink.com/science-technology/space-time/9600 Theories must be testable and yield the same results time and time again.

I don't see this fundamental rule of the scientific method changing any time soon.

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Bigthink Tue, 08 Apr 2008 03:22:41 +0100 http://www.bigthink.com/science-technology/space-time/9600
Re: What would happen if we discovered an alien civilization? http://www.bigthink.com/science-technology/space-time/9528 I would have to disagree the statements about looking at human history to see how we would react to things that happen today. The mood, morals, values, ideas, customs and everything in between has changed drastically over history. The people of today would react differently to things than the people of 2000 years ago and even the people of 100 years ago. You know yourself and you know your loved ones. You have to ask yourself how you would react and how those you know well would react.

Personally I think If we discovered an alien civilization I would be shocked, excited, and anxious. The last thing on my mind would be fear or the need to conquer. I would have hope that new and exciting things were around the corner. I think I can expect similar reactions from those I know well.

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Bigthink Sat, 05 Apr 2008 06:24:28 +0100 http://www.bigthink.com/science-technology/space-time/9528
Time is a Theoretical Construct Created by Humans http://www.bigthink.com/science-technology/space-time/9208 Time is a theoretical construct created by humans for their own purposes. 

Humans employ the concept of time to measure the gap (interval) between events according to a standard unit of measure - e.g. seconds, minutes.  In the same way, humans have created the concept of distance to measure the gap (interval) between objects.

Theories about time dimensions, time journey, and time warps are mere fanciful stories designed to inspire human imagination.  In vain, some people have attempted to ascribe properties of reality to the concept of time and thereby intermingle time and other human theoretical explorations.  With such aberrations of a simple concept, humans are faced with delusional ideas such as ‘gravitational time dilation.’ 

In retrospect, I suppose those fanciful stories and imaginative adventures lift humans from the humdrum of everyday life - one measured by mere seconds and minutes and years.

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Bigthink Fri, 28 Mar 2008 14:17:28 +0100 http://www.bigthink.com/science-technology/space-time/9208
Space/Time & Time/Space http://www.bigthink.com/science-technology/space-time/8892 Space/Time is what we experience here on Earth, 3 dimensions of space (horizontal, vertical, and depth) and 1 dimension of time (the one continuous flow of time).  Time/Space is what we will experience if we are able to pierce the veil, 3 dimensions of time (past, present, and future) of wherever you are which is the 1 dimension of space (yourself).

To make an example of this imagine an apple.  The outside of the apple is the infinite universe which is space/time.  The inside of the apple is time/space which is a continuous loop that can be traveled.  In order to reach time/space you must be able to pierce the veil and get in to time/space from space/time.  Of course I know the apple isn't infinite, but imagine that apple as the infinite universe.

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Bigthink Tue, 18 Mar 2008 07:50:28 +0100 http://www.bigthink.com/science-technology/space-time/8892
Re: Time is Not Real. It Is a Human Perception. http://www.bigthink.com/science-technology/space-time/8805 I think there are two questions involved here.  One is metaphysical:  "What does time mean to me?" or a similar thought.  Can't help you with that one.  The other:  "Is time real?" is more interesting from my point of view.

Time is relative:  it happens here, to me, differently than it happens there, to you.  How fast time passes here depends on my position in relation to a gravity well and my relative motion.  The same goes for you - but relative to your location and motion.  But one thing is sure:  we are both heading in the same direction.  We are both getting older.  Now, if I'm on a global positioning satellite geostationary above you, I am travelling much faster thn you are and there is a corresponding difference in how fast time is passing.  I can observe you getting older more quickly than I am:  you can observe me aging more slowly.  If, however, we both meet up at either your place or mine, we will then be aging at the same rate.

So, is time real?  I think the answer is that time is as real as space, so we could be heading into semantics territory here.    Physicists combine space and time into a four-dimensional "spacetime" which inextricably relates the measurement of space and the measurement of time together and neatly explains why speed (through space) affects the passage of time.  Logically, one could not have space without time and vice versa, so the question "Is time real?" should be phrased "Is spacetime real?", to which the answer is "yes".

Outside sci-fi, time travel as such remains impossible.  I can speed up or slow down what Prof Hawkings calls "The Arrow of Time" by changing my relative motion through space.  If I travel at speeds approaching the speed of light, you will observe me aging very slowly;  but I will observe myself aging at the same rate as I always have.

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Bigthink Sun, 16 Mar 2008 10:31:05 +0100 http://www.bigthink.com/science-technology/space-time/8805
Re: If the grand unified theory exists, what if it is untestable? http://www.bigthink.com/science-technology/space-time/8804 If a grand unified theory ("Theory of Everything") is proposed that can only be demonstrated mathematically, I think it would be very unsatisfactory.  Scientific method requires that for a hypothesis to become a theory, it must be based on observation/evidence and must be predictive and testable, with a condition set for its failure.  Although there can be mathematical proofs for, say, associativity, science does not work by "proof" in this way and I do not believe that any mathematical solution, no matter how elegant, will be deemed sufficient.  Note that even that most elegant of equations, E=MC2, had to make predictions before it was accepted.

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Bigthink Sun, 16 Mar 2008 09:56:04 +0100 http://www.bigthink.com/science-technology/space-time/8804